A descriptive analysis of transient global amnesia-like cases in open water swimmers

Background: Whilst there is emerging evidence to suggest that individuals who engage in open water swimming may be at increased risk of transient global amnesia (TGA), empirical research in this area is limited.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the accounts of open water swimmers believed to have experienced TGA-like symptoms as a direct result of the activity.

Methods: The sample comprised 11 UK-based open water swimmers (7 female, 4 male) and relevant witnesses. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and August 2025 to obtain detailed accounts of events occurring before, during and after the amnesic episode. Additional information such as demographic characteristics, swimming behaviours and relevant medical histories were also collected.

Results: Participants provided detailed contextual information that aided in the exploration of their TGA-like episodes. Descriptive thematic analysis yielded rich qualitative accounts of the amnesic episodes, along with commonly reported symptoms such as confusion, disorientation and repetitive questioning. Findings were considered in relation to potential precipitating factors and possible aetiological mechanisms, as well as the risks associated with experiencing such episodes in an open water environment.

Conclusions: The majority of the cohort did not receive a formal medical diagnosis and as such, definitive conclusions cannot be made. However, despite some atypical symptoms, the reported experiences did, in the main, align with the criteria for TGA. These findings therefore contribute novel insights to the limited body of literature examining TGA-like events in the context of open water swimming.