Agroforestry practices in Somalia

Traditional agroforestry methods in Somalia and attempts to introduce new practices are described. Physical, social and political constraints are discussed and recommendations for future developments are made. Nomadic pastoralism with shifting cultivation is practised over most of the country. Settled communities in these areas plant live fencing. Most agroforestry is found near the two main rivers, the Jubba and the Shabeelle. On rainfed land scattered trees, most frequently Dobera glabra, are retained. These provide limited dry season browse, fruit and poles but are mainly used as shade for the farmer and his livestock. A bush fallow is often used to maintain soil fertility. On irrigated land, agricultural crops are commonly grown alongside young fruit trees until shade becomes too great. Other practices include growing crops in mature coconut plantations and with date palms. Large banana plantations are protected by shelterbelts, predominantly of Casuarina equisetifolia.