Outdoor education as a deep education for global sustainability and social justice

Globally, outdoor education is a widely used term, with variants of adventure, experiential education and learning, denoting a range of organised and facilitated activities in outdoor environments. It includes outdoor activities (sports) and physical activity, and is contextualized in different countries through cultural, regional and historical influences. Perspectives from the UK and New Zealand illustrate current and future directions in response to key drivers and contexts. In the UK, from adventurous traditions, outdoor education has broadened to include creative and inclusive experiences for wider participation. Outdoor activities for sport and recreation often demand a different and more technical skill set. The interface, yet discreteness of these two approaches is examined critically with respect to education provision. Aotearoa New Zealand has a long history of outdoor connection. Current and future outdoor practice linked with Māori culture showcases this unique education movement, which strives towards human thriving, flourishing societies and sustainable environmental practices. The holistic philosophy behind outdoor education is illustrated through tertiary programmes, aligned closely to school curricula and outdoor learning provision, and is also manifested in abundant outdoor centres and camps. Key similarities, differences and trends from two continents identify the possibilities for global future directions in outdoor education.